http://www.etrusia.co.uk/ Etrusia takes a look at British history from the late stone age to the renaissance. Articles look at a variety of topics such as the technological and cultural deveoplments and the population changes which make the Britain of today. Etrusia is subdivided into Celtic, Roman, Saxon, Viking, Norman and Medieval Periods - as well as the general areas. History en-gb Sun, 01 Apr 2007 00:00:01 GMT Sun, 01 Apr 2007 00:00:01 GMT Notepad heather@etrusia.co.uk webmaster@etrusia.co.uk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ 7200 Saturday Sunday http://www.etrusia.co.uk/favicon.ico http://medieval.etrusia.co.uk/templars_introduction.php/ After a quiet period some new articles are now being worked upon. The first is one on the Knights Templar - or more properly, the Poor Knights of the Temple of Solomon on the Mount... Sun, 01 Apr 2007 00:00:01 GMT http://medieval.etrusia.co.uk/ The Medieval site has had a few tweaks, amongst other things the search engine has been brought online. There is an interactive map detailing where British Medieval Castles can be found and much more. Tue, 01 Aug 2006 16:00:00 GMT http://medieval.etrusia.co.uk/ The long awaited update of the Medieval World is under way. At the moment, the majority of the site is being redesigned off line but you can get a look at what the current developments are at http://test.etrusia.co.uk. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know. Sun, 23 Jul 2006 02:00:01 GMT http://www.etrusia.co.uk/ We have now added a live RSS feed which will enable you to keep up to date with the latest articles published on Etrusia. This feed will include articles published on any of the Etrusia sites, as well as the latest news and commentary from the main page. Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:59:01 GMT http://www.etrusia.co.uk/minsters.php While medieval monastic orders have received much attention from historians, monasteries were not the only ecclesiastical institutions in Britain in the period by any means. As a number of historians from K. Edwards onwards have reminded us, many cathedrals and churches were staffed by bodies of secular canons. These canons were priests supported by incomes (usually from lands or churches) called prebends. The majority of research on such canons has been in the context of cathedrals, but secular canons were also present at minster churches such as those of Beverley, Ripon and Southwell. Sun, 02 Dec 2007 00:35:18 GMT http://saxons.etrusia.co.uk/saxons_beowulf_page1.php Beowulf was the first major poem in Old English. Beowulf is a legendary hero, exhibiting the ideal Anglo-Saxon warrior aristocratic values. The poem tells of his battles against the monster Grendel, Grendel's mother and a dragon. To some extent, it can also be seen as a teaching tool, with many passages setting out the moral obligations of an Anglo-Saxon aristocrat. This article provides an introduction into the legendary poem and looks at some of the issues surrounding it. Mon, 14 May 2007 21:43:38 GMT http://saxons.etrusia.co.uk/saxondays_sunday.php Discusses the Nordic mythological origin of the English names for weekdays. Fri, 18 Aug 2006 11:43:13 GMT http://www.etrusia.co.uk/castle_index.php A central directory of the historical image galleries currently online at Etrusia. Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:23:43 GMT http://www.etrusia.co.uk/farleighhungerford_castle.php Brief background and pictures of Farliegh Hungerford Castle - a late Medieval Castle in Somerset. Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:59:21 GMT http://medieval.etrusia.co.uk/castle_maps/ A map showing the locations of medieval castles in Britain which Etrusia has articles on. This is regularly updated. Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:39:01 GMT http://medieval.etrusia.co.uk/castles/ Guides and background to some of Britains excellent medieval castles. Includes links to photo galleries of the site. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://celts.etrusia.co.uk/celtic_cultures.php Celtic cultures come in many forms. Two of the most studied are named after the sites in Central Europe where the largest finds were discovered. These two sites, La Tene and Hallstatt, are looked at here - with an introduction to what they can tell us about Celtic culture in the early Iron Age.... Mon, 10 Jul 2006 04:25:01 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/roman_hadrians_wall.php Hadrian's Wall marked the northernmost boundary of the Roman Empire. It stretched for over a hundred miles from the west to east coasts of Northern England. Built in 6 years from AD 122 it is an amazing engineering achievement, sections of which remain standing to this day.... Sat, 8 Jul 2006 12:16:01 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/roman_pompeii.php Pompeii is a world treasure - Etrusia introduces its history and background, with links to web resources for students. Buried when Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, the city of Pompeii is one of the world's greatest treasures. The city was found accidentally a couple of centuries ago and has been extensively excavated since then. The site retains the original streets and parts of many buildings.... Fri, 7 Jul 2006 18:23:00 GMT http://medieval.etrusia.co.uk/black_death/ The Black Death had a devastating effect on the population of Britain in the fifteenth century. The impact of the fall in population is seen by some historians as a crucial factor in the decline of feudal system, through its effect on the balance of relations between feudal classes. Thu, 6 Jul 2006 11:34:00 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/whyinvade.php Despite the famous claim that he had come, seen and conquered Britain ("Veni, Vidi, Vici"), in 55BC, Julius Caesar's attempted invasion of Britain was more of an armed visit. He led raids on the southeast coast in 55 and 54 BC and managed to gain some tribute in exchange for hostages. Thu, 6 Jul 2006 08:26:00 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/roman_army_intro.php This is an introductory article into the structure of the Roman army, both before and after the reforms introduced by the General Marius in around 100 B.C. Tue, 4 Jul 2006 11:19:00 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/roman_politics_p1.php A look at the domestic politics that surrounded Rome in the last years of the Republic. This article concentrates on Julius Ceasar and covers up to his dissolution of the republic. Mon, 3 Jul 2006 22:52:11 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/amphora_trade_p1.php A discussion about the Romano-British amphora trade up to 43AD. Rome had many trade links with the non-Roman world and, through this, we can gain an insite into Roman culture and behaviour. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://romans.etrusia.co.uk/roman_patrons.php One of the main institutions of Roman life was that of a patronus with his cliens (patron-client). A Roman politician would provide protection and assistance to lower class citizens in return for the loyalty of the citizen - who was now his client. This short article looks at this relationship. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://saxons.etrusia.co.uk/alfgrt_1.php King Alfred was the first king to unify disparate Saxon kingdoms to mount an effective challenge to the Viking raids of the 9th century. After successfully fending off the Danes through a guerilla campaign, he acted as a popular and wise ruler of the territory in the west of England. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://celts.etrusia.co.uk/forts_m.php Maiden Castle, home of the Durotriges tribe until the Romans invaded, is the biggest Iron Age hill fort in Britain. Here you can read a short background to the site and see some breathtaking photographs. There are images showing the main entry points to the castle and these lead to larger versions. Please note: This page may take some time to load. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://saxons.etrusia.co.uk/saxon_impact.php A look at the impact of the Anglo-Saxon invasions on the British Isles Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://saxons.etrusia.co.uk/arch.php Saxon artefacts show their advanced skills with metalwork and decorative crafts. The Sutton Hoo treasure is the best known. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://saxons.etrusia.co.uk/whowere.php An introduction and outline looking at the peoples that we have since come to call the "Saxons." The Saxon invaders were a combination of Angles, Jutes, Danes, Saxons and more. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT ab_1.php A submitted article looking at the how Anne Boleyn's life affected the reformation in 16th century England. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT megal_1.php Guide to British megalithic sites including Stonehenge, Avebury Rings, Uffington White Horse, Wayland's Smithy Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://normans.etrusia.co.uk/whowhere.php People often assume the Normans were French - this is not strictly true. The people who we call today are from the Frankish Empire, the Normans were scandinavians who settled in Normandy - called Normans as a contraction of "Norsemen." Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT opp_settlement.php Notes about how, during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I, there was substantial opposition to the Act of Settlement and how this affected the development of the Church of England. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT eng_chu1.php An outline and summary of the changes that took place within the English church as it transformed from a dissident Catholic nation to a fully protestant one. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT soc_city_tech_egypt_1.php Discussion about how technology interacts with society and nature to shape the layout of cities, referring to aspects of ancient Egyptian and Greek city development. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://normans.etrusia.co.uk/norkings.php A list of the Kings (and Emperess) of England who were direct descendants from the Norman throne. William The Congueror to Richard II. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT city_tech_1.php This article looks at the impact of technological innovation on the spatial layouts of Roman and medieval (European & Arabic) cities, in terms of some general themes - military technology, building materials, transport, building techniques. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT mottes.php Motte and Bailey castles are a good example of how practical the British people have been when it comes to making use of ites reinforced by their predecessors. You can find these tributes to practicality all over the country, and most of the more "modern" castles you find will be built on the site of a motte and bailey. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT http://celts.etrusia.co.uk/who.php The Celts were an Indo-European group, that is, related linguistically to the Greeks, the Germanic peoples, certain Italic groups and peoples of the Indian sub-continent. Wed, 28 Jun 2006 12:01:01 GMT